Borosilicate

Entirely non-toxic and extremely durable, Borosilicate glass is common in both laboratory and home uses. Drinking glasses, bake ware and coffee carafes, even bongs are made with Borosilicate glass due to its ability to withstand very high temperatures and regular tumbles from shaky hands.

It's made with silica (a common mineral), boron trioxide (a powdered chemical that has been bonded with extreme heat), and a few other ingredients.
But nothing is perfect - Borosilicate glass is very sensitive to highly corrosive acids such as hydrofluoric acid (think Breaking Bad) and strong alkali soaps/acids. This can severely damage your equipment.
Although other than that it is very resistant to acids in general, salt solutions, and organic solvents. It also requires a special type of disposal.

 ☄ Non-toxic, highly durable.
 ☄ Can withstand high temperature grades (from -80°C/-112°F to 240°C/464°F).
☄ Non-porous and acid resistant.
 ☄ Unsafe with a few highly corrosive acids.
☄ Cannot be recycled easily.

Soda-Lime

Accounting for about 90% of manufactured glass, Soda-lime glass is the most popular. Jars, bottles, windowpanes, even as an isolator - Soda-lime glass is cheap to produce and carries a lot of good qualities that make it useful for many applications. It's also made of silica (although much less), sodium oxide, and also calcium oxide (lime).
Although not very strong, it can be re-molded many times over and very chemically stable. Soda-lime glass can be chemically heat strengthened or tempered if it need to be stronger and more thermally resistant.
Its light transmission properties, as well as low melting temperature, make it suitable for use as window glass. When tempered, this glass shatters into small, cube like bits rather than sharp dangerous shards.

☄ Can give off a coloured hue.
☄ Cannot handle high temperatures (max. 150°C).
☄ Inexpensive, many applications.
☄ Can be re-formed/shaped.
☄ 100% recyclable.
☄ Shatters into safe pieces (if treated).
 ☄ More delicate.

Quartz

More expensive than Borosilicate. Quartz glass expands less if it gets warm, so it's even more heat resistant (up to 1000°C/1832°F) and of purer nature. It is also extremely transparent, even at deeper Ultraviolet wavelengths with optimal transmission properties. Quartz glass is incredibly thermally shock resistant, and can be taken from red-heat and plunged into water without cracking.

☄ Extreme heat resistance and strength.
☄ Ultra-clear transparency.
☄ Very expensive.

Fritted

This porous glass can allow gas or liquid to pass though. Commonly coming in a round, disc-like shape filter that is sealed inside tubing or glass apparatus, Fritted glass can come in an endless number of shapes and sizes. It's made with particles of glass that are fused or sintered into a solid but porous glass body.
It's used to filter out solid particles, precipitate, or residue from a fluid or a gas. With a very specific usage, Fritted glass is something you would have added to equipment.

Actinic

Some glass equipment is tinted an amber or dark brown colour, and is generally only used for storage of substances solutions. Actinic glass protects light sensitive compounds from alteration by radiation and UV light, and is chemically inert.

Erlenmeyer Flask

• Flat bottom with slanted sides, and a narrow neck.
• Shaped well for mixing and boiling liquids while avoiding spills.
• Not suitable for accurate volumetric measurements (stamped volumes are approximate).

Round Bottom

• Spherical shape with one or more narrow necks at the top.
• Ideal for allowing more surface area contact between liquid and air (evaporation).
• Great for creating chemical reactions.

Florentine/Florence Flask

• Usually made with Borosilicate glass.
• Designed for uniform heating, produced at different thicknesses.

Volumetric Flask

• Has a flat bottom glass container with a long, elongated narrow neck.
• Printed with lines for precise volume measurements.
• Generally used for preparing solutions.

Buchner Flask

• Shaped simular to a Erlenmeyer flask.
• Has a opening at the neck and a small tube coming out of it to the side.
• The tube can be connected to other equipment, generally a vacuum pump.
• Widely used for filtering substances from a solution.

Beaker

• A cylindrical container with a flat bottom and wide opening to the top.
• Printed with graduations as a measurement reference.
• Common for simply containing, or heating substances.

Burette/Pipette

• A long, small tube with a stopcock to allow liquids to drip.
• Great for delivering a precise, known volume of liquid.
• Used for Titration.
• The pipette version has a bulb in the middle, and comes in many forms for different operations.

⚠️

Handling hazardous or reactive solutions and chemicals can be dangerous. It is essential that you have the proper safety equipment that can protect you from serious harm.